Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Dogs and Cats: Benefits, Best Sources and How to Choose

From supporting healthy skin and a glossy coat to maintaining joint mobility and general wellbeing, omega-3 fatty acids play an important role in our pets' health. But with so many different sources available, how do you know which is best for your dog or cat?

Fish oils have traditionally been one of the most popular ways to provide omega-3s, but growing concerns about fish sourcing, sustainability and oil quality have encouraged interest in alternatives, including algae oils and newer plant-based options such as regenerative Ahiflower oil.

In this blog, we explore the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, the differences between the various sources and what to look for when choosing a supplement for your pet.

What Are Omega-3 Fatty Acids?

Sources of Omega-3's include:- fatty fish, krill, plants & seeds, certain seaweeds like red (Palmaria palmata [dulse]) and Undaria pinnatifida [wakame], and microalgae.

Omega-3s are a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play an important role in maintaining health. They help support cell membranes, normal inflammatory responses, skin health, brain function and many other processes throughout the body.

Omega-3s belong to a wider family of fatty acids that also includes omega-6 and omega-9. Omega-3 and omega-6 are considered essential fatty acid families because dogs and cats cannot manufacture certain members of these groups themselves and must obtain them through their diet. Omega-9, on the other hand, can be produced by the body and is not considered an essential fatty acid.

Omega-3 fatty acids can be divided into shorter-chain forms, such as ALA found in plant oils, and longer-chain forms, such as EPA and DHA found in fish and algae oils. There are several different types of omega-3. Each type has its own role and properties; but the main ones to understand are:

EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid): Found predominantly in marine sources such as oily fish and some algae. EPA is particularly important for supporting healthy inflammatory responses and joint comfort.

DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid): Also found in marine sources, certain seaweed and micro algae. DHA is an important structural component of the brain, nervous system and eyes. It is particularly important during early development.

ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid): A plant-based omega-3 found in plant oils such as flaxseed and rapeseed. ALA can be converted into EPA and DHA, but this conversion is relatively inefficient, particularly in cats, making direct sources of these longer-chain omega-3s especially valuable..

Another omega-3 worth knowing about is SDA (Stearidonic Acid), which is found in Ahiflower oil. SDA can be converted into EPA more efficiently than ALA, making it an interesting alternative to more traditional plant-based omega oils.

Many modern pet foods contain higher levels of omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3s, making it important to consider the balance of fats in your pet's diet. Omega-3s can be particularly challenging to provide in sufficient amounts, especially in processed dry foods. These delicate fatty acids are also vulnerable to oxidation when exposed to heat, light and air, which can affect their quality over time. Although some commercial pet foods contain added omega-3s, supplementing with a good-quality source may help ensure your pet receives an appropriate balance of essential fatty acids. When omega- 6's greatly exceed omega-3's this may lead to health issues.

What Are the Benefits of Omega-3 for Dogs and Cats?

Omega-3 fatty acids are involved in numerous functions throughout the body, making them a valuable part of a balanced diet.

1. Healthy Skin and a Glossy Coat

One of the most noticeable benefits of omega-3 supplementation can be an improvement in skin and coat condition.

Omega-3 fatty acids help maintain healthy skin and support the body's normal inflammatory responses. This can be particularly beneficial for pets prone to dry, flaky or irritated skin.

EPA and DHA may also help manage some of the inflammatory processes associated with allergic skin conditions, making them a useful addition to a wider skin health programme.

2. Joint Health and Mobility

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, are well known for their role in supporting joint health.

They help regulate inflammatory pathways within the body, which may improve comfort and mobility in dogs experiencing joint stiffness or osteoarthritis.

Research has shown that diets supplemented with appropriate amounts of EPA and DHA can help improve mobility and some clinical signs of osteoarthritis in dogs.

This makes omega-3s particularly valuable for older pets, active dogs and breeds prone to joint problems. However, they should complement, rather than replace, appropriate veterinary care and pain management.

3. Brain, Eye and Nervous System Health

DHA is a major structural component of the brain and retina, making it particularly important for healthy neurological and visual development.

Adequate DHA is especially important during pregnancy, nursing and early growth in puppies and kittens. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help support cognitive function as pets age, although research into their benefits for older animals is still developing.

4. Heart and Kidney Health

EPA and DHA are involved in cardiovascular function and may offer benefits in certain heart and kidney conditions.

For example, omega-3 fatty acids are sometimes included in veterinary diets formulated for animals with chronic kidney disease.

The potential benefits depend on the condition and the amount provided, so pets with existing health problems should receive veterinary guidance before starting supplementation.

5. Supporting a Healthy Immune Response

Omega-3 fatty acids help regulate inflammatory processes, which are closely connected to immune function.

Rather than simply 'boosting' immunity, omega-3s help support a balanced immune response, allowing the body to respond appropriately to everyday challenges.

Fish Oils: A Traditional Source of Omega-3

Fish oil remains one of the most widely used omega-3 supplements for dogs and cats, and for good reason. Oily fish such as salmon, sardines, anchovies and mackerel naturally contain EPA and DHA in forms that pets can use directly, without relying on conversion from other fatty acids. However, not all fish oils are created equal, and the quality of the oil is particularly important.

Why Does Fish Oil Quality Matter?

Fish oils are rich in delicate polyunsaturated fats, which can be damaged by exposure to oxygen, heat and light. This process, known as oxidation, can cause the oil to become rancid, reducing its quality and potentially producing undesirable breakdown compounds.

When choosing a fish oil supplement, we recommend considering several factors:

Wild-caught versus farmed fish and Sustainability

Where possible, purchase responsibly sourced, wild-caught fish, particularly smaller oily species such as sardines and anchovies. Wild-caught fish can provide an excellent source of EPA and DHA, although the fatty acid content varies depending on species, diet and season. Farmed fish oils are not necessarily poor quality, but their nutritional composition can vary depending on how the fish have been fed.

With increasing pressure on wild fish populations and changes in sourcing and availability, finding consistently high-quality, sustainably sourced wild fish oils is becoming more challenging. While marine oils, including fish oil, provide valuable omega-3 fatty acids, their environmental impact is an important consideration. Our oceans are already under considerable pressure from overfishing, climate change and pollution, and increasing demand for marine-derived supplements can place additional strain on fish populations and delicate marine ecosystems. Although responsibly managed fisheries can help reduce this impact, sustainability varies considerably depending on the source and fishing practices. This is one reason why alternative omega-3 sources, such as algae and plant-based oils, are attracting growing interest. 

Krill oil is a rich source of EPA and DHA, with these omega-3 fatty acids present largely in phospholipid form, which may offer advantages in absorption. However, krill play a vital role in marine ecosystems, providing an essential food source for whales, penguins, seals and many fish species. They also contribute to the ocean's carbon cycle. As a result, harvesting krill raises concerns about sustainability and the potential impact on marine wildlife, making it important to consider the environmental consequences when choosing an omega-3 supplement.

Green-lipped mussels are typically cultivated using environmentally sustainable, low-impact aquaculture methods, particularly compared to many fishing practises. As filter-feeding bivalves, they help maintain healthy marine ecosystems by filtering seawater and removing phytoplankton and suspended particles. This can help to improve water clarity and support naturally healthier marine ecosystems.

Purity and testing

Fish can accumulate environmental contaminants, including heavy metals such as mercury, as well as persistent pollutants such as PCBs and dioxins. Smaller oily fish, such as sardines, mackerel and anchovies, are generally preferable to larger predatory fish like tuna or swordfish, as they are lower down the food chain, have shorter lifespans and tend to accumulate fewer contaminants as they feed lower doen the food chain, mostly feed on plankton. Larger predatory fish by comparison sit high on the marine food chain and live for many years consuming smaller contaminated organisms over their life time, leading to toxins and pollutants like PCBs and heavy metals from industrial sources that get into the environments in which they feed, building up in their tissues.  The waters in which fish are caught can also influence their exposure to pollutants, with some fishing regions having lower contamination levels than others. Fish sourced from well-monitored areas, including certain parts of the South Pacific and North Atlantic around Norway, can be good options, although no region is guaranteed to be free from pollution. Choosing fish oils from reputable manufacturers who carry out rigorous testing for contaminants is therefore particularly important.

So it is important to find a good quality source of fish oil that doesnt have these issues; and they are available. Reputable manufacturers will have appropriate quality controls and testing procedures in place to ensure their oils meet recognised safety standards. 

Freshness and storage

Because omega-3 oils are vulnerable to oxidation, packaging and storage are particularly important. Choose oils from reputable suppliers, follow the manufacturer's storage instructions and avoid purchasing bottles that will remain open for longer than recommended.

Dark or opaque packaging, well-sealed containers and appropriate antioxidant protection can all help maintain freshness. Refrigerate after opening where the manufacturer recommends it. Store away from heat and direct sunlight. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions if they specify a shorter period after opening.

Our Tip: When choosing a fish oil, consider how much your dog (or dogs!) will use in approximately a month. Omega-3 oils are particularly susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air, light and heat, so buying a suitably sized bottle rather than one that will sit open for several months can help maintain freshness and quality.

How Can You Recognise a Good-Quality Fish Oil?

Not all fish oils are equal, and although price can sometimes reflect differences in sourcing, processing and quality control, a more expensive oil isn't necessarily better. A good-quality fish oil should have a relatively mild, fresh, slightly fishy aroma rather than an overpowering or unpleasant smell. A strong, rancid or sour odour may indicate that the oil has started to oxidise and deteriorate.

Fish oils naturally vary in colour, from pale golden to a deeper amber, depending on the fish species and how the oil has been processed. For example a good quality Salmon oil should be pinky-red in colour. Look for oils from reputable manufacturers who can provide information about their sourcing, purity testing, EPA and DHA content, and measures taken to protect the oil from oxidation (such as dark (glass) bottles. A high-quality fish oil should be fresh, carefully processed and stored correctly to preserve its delicate omega-3 fatty acids.

One brand of fish oils that we stock is Nordic Naturals Their fish oils are sourced from anchovies, sardines, mackerel and herring, all sustainably caught wild fish, made and quality tested in the U.S. They do not contain artificial flavours, synthetic dyes, soy, wheat, corn, or dairy. Another brand is Schesir Grizzly Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil which is 50% wild Alaskan salmon and 50% Alaskan Pollock high in omega-3. All parts of the fish are used. Dorwest Norwegian Salmon Oil is responsibly sourced from Norway, where cold, clear waters help produce high-quality salmon. Each batch is carefully handled to help preserve its nutritional value, then stabilised with natural antioxidants to maintain freshness. CytoPet Doggie Omega 3 capsules are produced from whole body oil fish - sardines and anchovies and is guranteed to be clean, stable and free from pollutants. Essential Foods The Omega-3 Oil is also made from Norwegian salmon sourced off the west coast of Norway and not in the Baltic sea where higher levels of PCBs and dioxins have been reported. 

EPA and DHA content

It is also worth checking how much EPA and DHA a product actually provides. Two fish oils may contain the same total amount of oil but very different concentrations of these important fatty acids.

Don't Forget Whole Fish and Fishy Treats!

Fish oil supplements aren't the only way to introduce beneficial omega-3s into your pet's diet. Whole oily fish and natural fish-based treats can also provide EPA and DHA, alongside protein and other valuable nutrients such as from the heads and bones. Small oily fish such as sprats, sardines and anchovies are particularly appealing options. As they are lower down the marine food chain, they generally accumulate less mercury than larger predatory fish.

At Healthful Pets, we offer a range of natural fish-based treats, including sprats, anchovies, cod, salmon and other fishy favourites, which can make a tasty addition to your dog's diet.

Although the omega-3 content of treats varies, they offer a convenient way to introduce some of the benefits of oily fish without necessarily adding a separate oil supplement.

As with all treats, they should be fed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Green-Lipped Mussel: Another Valuable Source of Marine Omega-3s

Another interesting source of marine omega-3 fatty acids is green-lipped mussel, a shellfish native to New Zealand that is particularly well known for its joint-supporting properties.

Green-lipped mussels naturally contain EPA and DHA, alongside other marine fatty acids, including the less common ETA (eicosatetraenoic acid). These fatty acids are thought to contribute to green-lipped mussel's ability to support healthy inflammatory responses and joint comfort.

Research into green-lipped mussel lipid extracts suggests that some of these compounds may influence both the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inflammatory pathways, making green-lipped mussel particularly interesting for dogs experiencing joint stiffness or reduced mobility.

Green-lipped mussel is available in different forms, including whole mussel powders and concentrated lipid extracts. The fatty acid content and concentration can vary considerably between products, so choosing a high-quality, carefully processed supplement is important.

At Healthful Pets, we stock specialist New Zealand green-lipped mussel supplements, including the KorurePets range, which offers different formulations to help support joint health and mobility.

To find out more about KorurePet green lipped mussel read our blog 

Algae Oil: A Fish-Free Source of Omega-3

Algae oil is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to traditional fish oils, particularly for pets with fish sensitivities and owners looking for more sustainable or plant-based options.

Microalgae are the original source of omega-3's in the ocean. Fish only contain Omega-3's because they eat microalgae. 

By obtaining omega-3s directly from specially cultivated microalgae, it is possible to provide DHA and, in some formulations, EPA without relying on fish. So microalgae derived omega-3 oil is not only natural and highly concentrated it is also free from acontaminants such as heavy metals and microplastics. 

What Are the Benefits of Algae Oil?

A direct source of DHA and potentially EPA

Unlike many traditional plant oils, certain algae oils contain long-chain omega-3 fatty acids that the body can use directly.

However, algae oils vary considerably, so it is important to check whether a product supplies DHA alone or both EPA and DHA.

An alternative for pets with fish sensitivities

Fish-free algae oils can be useful for pets that cannot tolerate fish-based products, provided the entire formulation is suitable for their particular dietary needs.

A potentially more sustainable option

Many algae oils are produced through controlled cultivation systems, reducing dependence on wild fish stocks. Their environmental impact will still depend on how they are grown, processed and transported.

Quality and consistency

Controlled cultivation can help manufacturers maintain consistent production standards and limit exposure to some marine contaminants. Microalgae can also be extracted using water-based methids instead of using harmful solvents.

As with fish oils, however, good manufacturing practices, freshness and independent testing remain important.

For pet owners who would prefer to avoid fish oil, a well-formulated algae oil can be an excellent way to provide valuable long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Algae Oil that we stock includes: Adored Beast Potent Sea and Kōrure Pets Algae Oil. To find out which of our products containing Algae view here.

Regenerative Omega 3-6-9: A New Generation of Plant-Based Omega Oils

While fish and algae oils are well-established sources of omega-3 fatty acids, there is growing interest in sustainable, plant-based alternatives.

One particularly interesting development is Regenerative Omegas Canine Omega 3-6-9, a fish-free supplement made using Ahiflower® seed oil.

Ahiflower (Buglossoides arvensis) is grown in the UK using regenerative farming practices, offering a land-based source of beneficial fatty acids without relying on marine resources.

What Makes Ahiflower Oil Different?

Unlike many conventional plant-based omega oils, such as flaxseed oil, Ahiflower naturally contains a combination of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids.

These include:

ALA (Omega-3): An essential plant-based fatty acid.

SDA (Omega-3): An omega-3 that the body can convert into EPA more efficiently than ALA alone.

GLA (Omega-6): Gamma-linolenic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid involved in maintaining healthy skin and normal inflammatory responses.

LA (Omega-6): Linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid particularly important for skin health.

Oleic Acid (Omega-9): A monounsaturated fatty acid also found in foods such as olive oil.

Of particular interest is its content of stearidonic acid (SDA), a type of omega-3 that the body can convert into EPA more efficiently than the ALA found in most other plant oils. This is because SDA bypasses one of the rate-limiting stages involved in converting plant-based omega-3s into longer-chain fatty acids.

Ahiflower also contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid involved in maintaining healthy skin and supporting normal inflammatory responses.

Together, these fatty acids make Ahiflower an interesting option for supporting everyday skin and coat health, general wellbeing and normal physiological function.

It is important to recognise, however, that Ahiflower does not provide significant amounts of preformed EPA or DHA. Although its SDA content offers an advantage over conventional ALA-rich seed oils, it is not a direct replacement for fish or algae oils where specific amounts of EPA and DHA are required.

A More Sustainable Approach to Omega Supplementation

One of the appealing features of Regenerative Omegas is its approach to sourcing. Ahiflower is cultivated in the UK using regenerative agricultural practices, which aim to support healthier soils, biodiversity and more sustainable farming systems. As a land-grown crop, it also offers an alternative to the increasing pressure on wild fish populations.

Introducing Regenerative Omegas Canine

Regenerative Omegas Canine is formulated for dogs and provides a naturally occurring combination of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids.

Its potential benefits include:

• Supporting healthy skin and a glossy coat.
• Providing fatty acids involved in normal inflammatory regulation.
• Supporting general health and vitality.
• Offering a fish-free option for dogs with dietary sensitivities.
• Providing a traceable, UK-grown alternative to marine oils.
• The formulation also contains antioxidants to help maintain oil quality and freshness.

For owners looking for a plant-based supplement with a broader fatty acid profile, Regenerative Omegas offers an interesting addition to the omega oil range.

Discover Regenerative Omegas Canine 250ml

Which Omega-3 Source Should You Choose?

There is no single omega-3 supplement that is right for every pet. The best option depends on your dog or cat's diet, age, health requirements, sensitivities and the particular fatty acids you want to provide.

For pets requiring substantial amounts of EPA and DHA, particularly as part of a veterinary joint health programme, fish oil or an appropriately formulated algae oil may be the most suitable option.

For owners interested in a broader range of fatty acids from a land-grown source, Ahiflower offers an interesting alternative.

Cats have particularly limited ability to convert plant-derived omega-3s into EPA and DHA, so a suitable direct source of these fatty acids is especially important for them.

A Few Final Things to Remember

Although omega-3s offer many potential benefits, more is not necessarily better. The appropriate amount depends on your pet's size, diet, health and the concentration of fatty acids in the product.

Adding too much oil can also increase calorie intake or cause digestive upset, while higher therapeutic doses may not be appropriate for every animal.

Always follow the manufacturer's feeding recommendations, introduce new supplements gradually and consult your vet if your pet has an existing medical condition or takes medication.

Final Thoughts

Omega-3 fatty acids are an important part of maintaining our pets' health, supporting everything from skin and coat condition to joint comfort and normal brain function.

Fish oils remain a valuable and well-researched source of EPA and DHA, particularly when carefully sourced and manufactured.

Algae oils offer an increasingly popular fish-free alternative, while innovative plant-based products such as Ahiflower provide different combinations of beneficial fatty acids with the potential for more sustainable sourcing.

Ultimately, the most important consideration is choosing a good-quality product that provides the right fatty acids for your pet's individual needs.

At Healthful Pets, we offer a selection of omega oils and natural fish-based treats to help you find an option that suits your dog or cat.